Modeling and Analyzing the Impact of Different Operating Conditions for Electric and Conventional Vehicles in Malaysia on Energy, Economic, and the Environment

Given the significance of transportation sector to economy a country, major companies and government-linked entities have invested in infrastructure services. Nonetheless, faces issues relating traffic congestion, energy consumption, environmental impacts such as air pollution carbon emissions. To address analyze these issues, current study employed microscopic modeling using AIMSUN software, which allowed for detailed simulation. The examined different operating conditions, namely: internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) electric (EVs), on savings, cost emissions traveling total six (6) routes: (i) long-distance highway travel, (ii) short-distance (iii) urban (iv) (v) suburban (vi) travel. management systems, lights, roundabouts, road altitude, were also analyzed this research. discovered that, average, EVs consumed 30 percent less than ICEVs 26 saving On experienced higher savings ICEVs, with 86 64 percent, respectively. In addition, had lower dioxide ICEVs. This concludes that offer positive reduction all simulated routes Malaysia compared thereby contributing existing literature Malaysia.